Rookhawk,
I have 4 daughters, all in their 20s now. When I started them off shooting, like most, it was with a 22LR. Inexpensive to shoot and no recoil or report to speak of so they wouldn't flinch. I stumbled across a Ruger M77 MkII in 7.62x39 and it made for a nice step up from the 22LR. The 7.62x39 at the time was about 10 cents a round. I had the same rifle in 7mm mag and the cost was over $1 per round and lots of recoil for a young shooter. In ammo costs savings alone, the 7.62x39 paid for itself. I ended up giving that rifle to my elf guide in Montana who had 3 young boys. I've since bought a Ruger Predator (slightly heavier than normal barrel) in 223. Again, low cost and low recoil were the drivers. My youngest daughter used this rifle to get comfortable with shooting off of sticks. We trained with a 223 and a 270. Went to Africa and she shoot 300 WM and 7mm mags with no problems.
One gun I'd suggest you look at is the Ruger Hawkeye Compact, with 12.5" LOP and 16.5" barrel length. It comes in 223, 243, 308 and 7mm-08.
http://www.ruger.com/products/HawkeyeCompact/models.html
http://www.ruger.com/products/HawkeyeLaminateCompact/models.html