270Guy
The trick is zero tolerance. I was posted as the DFO when President Ershad ran the country. His administration gave us very specific orders in relation to the Sundarbans (and forest resources in general). Permits were (and are) issued at the discretion of the local forest department for hunting Axis deer, wild boar and golden snipe. But only two Axis stags and 50 golden snipe would get permitted per season (with very strict monitoring). Anybody caught killing an Axis doe or more than two adult Axis stags per season faced up to three years in prison. He was desperate to protect and stabilize the population of Royal Bengal tigers in the Sundarbans and wildlife in general. He even gave us the authorization to use lethal force on tiger poachers in order to deter them. Seems a bit extreme now, but it was actually necessary and it greatly helped.
In 1984, the President released six pairs of Axis deer into a set of islands in the south of the country. Today, they have multiplied into thousands (having no natural predators there). Licensed firearms owners could/may hunt two adult Axis stags a year for a fee (which had to be submitted to the game warden). And that fee would go back into funding anti poaching and conservation measures. Since the country is so densely populated, poaching with a firearm is next to impossible without alerting the authorities. He also ordered that hunting permits for Axis deer and wild boar in the Sundarbans only be given in the forest ranges where the population of tigers was more or less nonexistent (so that the tigers would have enough prey for feed on). In other parts of the country (where the concerned game may be found), he imposed a two adult stag bag limit for Muntjac deer and Sambar deer and ordered bird shooting to be closed during the seasons when waterfowl breed (alongside imposing bag limits).
I’m not just saying it because I worked for him, but his wildlife policies saved the country’s fauna. Even though he went out of power and died years ago, none of the later governments tried to change his wildlife laws because everybody (even his biggest critics) admitted that they worked.
Without pretending to know what’s best for your country, I can only say that perhaps they could adapt an American/European/African/Pakistani model of conservation. By allowing hunting of a select set of species (in controlled numbers) in areas where the rate of human-wildlife conflict is high, in exchange for a fee. And then using that fee to fund proper anti poaching measures. Of course, three challenges exist here:
- As you pointed out, the antis have an extremely strong hold in India
- The chain of custody for the hunting fees would have to be very fool proof and the money would actually have to go into conservation (and not line some corrupt official’s pocket).
- India being much more vast than Pakistan/Bangladesh, anti poaching patrol units have a more difficult time monitoring all forest resources.