The document is entitled "Erlaubnis zur Mitnahme von Schusswaffen/Munition in die, durch die oder aus der Bundesrepublik Deutschland" (roughly, "Permission to take Firearm/Ammunition into, through, or out of Germany). Based on the approval stamp, it appears to be processed by the staat in which the airport is located (i.e., different offices for Frankfurt vs. Munich).
These are the documents which were required:
For the rifle permit I need the following documents from you:
- passport
- Firearm's License (if available) (Note: I used the CBP Form 4457)
- Invitation (for competition / training / hunting)
- Rifle data (type, manufacturer, caliber, serial number)
- Ammunition (amount, caliber)
- Flight data (date, flight numbers, arrival time in Munich)
- Address in the USA
- telephone number
This may have changed, but at the time all of this information was emailed to the office for that airport for processing. My application was processed with the usual German efficiency as well as the typical Bavarian cheerfulness. No fees were charged, but they do want to know who is transiting the country with firearms.