Heat treating done with them all tempered as well. I really like the muffler pipe for the lack of scale on the blades after heat treating. It makes for easy clean-up . You can see how little scale there is so the tang, up to just shy of the front of where the handle or bolster will end is done on the disc sander with a 60 grit disc so there is plenty of grip for the epoxy, with the handsanding starting at 360 again for the rest of the ricasso and the blade. It is a much less labour intensive method as I have found.